Benzoylation of phenol with benzoyl chloride in the presence of dilute $NaOH$ gives phenyl benzoate. This reaction is an example of

In the reaction shown below,$Y$ is:

The following reaction is known as:
$Phenol \xrightarrow[H^{+}]{CHCl_3 / NaOH} \text{Salicylaldehyde}$

The reactivity of compound $Z$ with different halogens under appropriate conditions is given below:
(Image of reaction: $Z$ ($3$-tert-butylphenol) reacts with $X_2$ to give mono-halo derivative for $X_2 = I_2$,di-halo for $X_2 = Br_2$,and tri-halo for $X_2 = Cl_2$)
The observed pattern of electrophilic substitution can be explained by:
$A$. The steric effect of the halogen
$B$. The steric effect of the tert-butyl group
$C$. The electronic effect of the phenolic group
$D$. The electronic effect of the tert-butyl group

Phenol $\xrightarrow{NaNO_2/H_2SO_4} B$ $\xrightarrow{H_2O} C$ $\xrightarrow{NaOH} D$. The name of the above reaction is:

In the reaction $C_6H_5 - X \xleftarrow[HNO_2]{Cu} C_6H_5N_2Cl \xrightarrow[\Delta]{Water} \phi - Y$,what are $X$ and $Y$ respectively?